Method and System for Connecting People in a Social Network

ABSTRACT

A system and method for connecting people in a social network using information from a user&#39;s digital address book. A social network member can unilaterally friend any contact in her address book. Optionally, a member can only friend a contact and be friended by a contact if she is in that contact&#39;s address book. An central server keeps track of friended members of the social network and contacts.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

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REFERENCE TO A SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISK APPENDIX

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to social networks, more particularly, to how people are connected together to create a social network.

2. Description of the Related Art

In computer and telecommunications networks, presence information is a status indicator that conveys the ability and willingness of a potential communication partner to communicate.

A basic feature of a telephone (including cell phones, desktop phones, wireless phones, Internet phones, etc.) is the address book. Most computers (including desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet computer, etc.) also have some form of address book. An address book is a data base used for storing entries called contacts. Each contact entry usually consists of a few standard fields (for example, first name, last name, company name, address, telephone number, e-mail address, fax number, and mobile phone number). In this document the term, address book, refers to this database. The terms, phone, computer, and device, refer to any phone, computer, and device (both phone and computer), respectively, equipped with an address book having the ability to access the Internet.

The act of someone storing a contact in the address book is an implicit indication that she knows the entity (a person or a company) that the contact is describing. It is also an implicit indication that the users of two devices know each other if the address book of each device contains the contact information of the other person.

A number of systems exist include a means by which users can voluntarily announce their presence on the system. Relevant presence information, which is also referred to herein as “presence”, is made available to those on the system that wish to receive the information.

A social network, as used in the present specification, is a data structure that ties individuals and organizations together. One or more specific types of interdependency connect these entities. The most common method of creating a social network is based on the paradigm of invitation. There are several methods for invitation. The system can send invitations to those who are not members of the system yet. To be able to invite, the inviter must already have the invitee's contact information available. The most common source of such contact information is an address book. Moreover, a member of the social network can search for and find the user identifier of an already registered invitee with whom she wants to become friends with. The user sends an invitation message to the invitee to initialize the process of becoming friends. After the invitation has been sent, the inviter waits for the invitee in an asynchronous manner to confirm the invitation by replying to the message in a positive manner. This process of “friending” has to be carried out for each invitee in order to build a network. One drawback of the method is that the asynchronous nature of the invitation/response process slows down the creation of individual connections. Furthermore, repeating the manual process of creating a connection makes the method cumbersome to use.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to facilitate user interaction in a network by exchanging presence information with each other.

Another object is to simplify the process of creating connections in a social network.

Another object is a method of identifying users based on their phone number and their address book.

One aspect of the present invention allows a user to send presence information to authorized contacts in her phone's address book and to receive the presence information of those contacts in her phone address book that have authorized her. At its most basic, presence information is an indication of the availability of the user for phone calls and/or text messages. Optionally, presence can include additional information such as a short message, a picture, a video, the time zone or local time where the phone is located, the weather conditions where the phone is located, ambient information such as noise or light level, calendar entries present on the device, and/or the physical location of the phone.

A basic hardware system includes wireless phone service that provides access to the Internet for each phone. Internet service providers provide Internet access for computers.

The system is implemented in a client-server (CS) architecture or a peer-to-peer (PP) architecture. The main element of the system is a local application running on the phone. Users register their phones to enable the local application and are referred to as clients. The system consists of one or more central servers that are responsible for handling registration of clients and storing system membership information and the history of each client. In the CS architecture, the central server as also responsible for handling the client connections and distributing the presence information. In the PP architecture, clients exchange presence with each other directly. A client can be any device that has an address book and display, and is capable of operatively connecting to the central server.

A link, a logical connection between two clients, is created when a first client authorizes a second client to access her presence. The system permits a user to authorize any contact in her address book. If the user is in the contact's address book and the contact is a client, access is granted immediately. Otherwise access is granted if and when the user is added to the contact's address book and the contact becomes a client. Optionally, a user can only authorize a contact and be authorized by a contact if she is in that contact's address book.

In another aspect of the present invention, the method of authorizing and being authorized is applied to the friending process of social networks where a member of the social network can unilaterally friend any contact in her address book. If the friending member is in the contact's address book and the contact is a member, the contact is immediately given access to the friending member. Otherwise, once the friending member is added to the contact's address book and the contact becomes a member, the friended contact is notified of being friended and is given access to the friending member. Optionally, friending is only allowed between members that are in each others' address books.

Upon registering with the social network, the system automatically friends a predetermined subset of the contacts in her address book. Then the member can unfriend on a per contact or per group basis. Alternatively, upon registration, the member decides whom to friend prior to the system friending any contacts.

In the social networking context, upon registration, an application is enabled that interacts with the member's address book to retrieve contacts that the member wishes to friend. The application can run locally on the device or on a server on the Internet that can access the device via the device's Internet connection.

In the presence context, a local application interacts with the contacts in the phone's address book and presents them on the phone's display, manages the authorization of contacts, updates and announces the client's presence, and receives and displays the presence of contacts.

A graphical user interface of the local application displays an enhanced version of the phone's address book that includes a visual indicator of a contact's presence. Optionally, the enhanced address book display includes any other presence information associated with each contact.

The local application lets a user authorize or deauthorize a contact and any change of status is communicated to the affected contact, either through the central server in the CS architecture or directly to the contact in the PP architecture.

The local application can update the client's presence manually and/or, optionally, semi-automatically and/or automatically. A user can set her presence information manually via the GUI. Semi-automatic updates involve synchronizing the local application with the phone's internal calendar, external calendars, or web-based calendars. It can also include updating presence based on the phone's ring profile. Automatic updates involve the use of location data, the phone's built-in sensors (the microphone, motion-based sensors, and light sensors), accessories or networks connected to the phone (i.e., a car Bluetooth system or the office wireless network), and augmented reality.

In another aspect of the present invention the phone number and the address book of the device identify users. In modern communication a phone has a phone number assigned to. Although phone numbers are usually assigned to a specific person for a long period of time, a person can decide to change the phone number at any point in time. Therefore, phone numbers do not explicitly identify people. Address books on the other hand are specific to people due to the fact that even if the social network of two people is the same, it is highly unlikely that they have the same exact contact information for each of their contacts. The manner in which people use phone numbers and address books provides a unique way of telling people apart based on their phone numbers and the data they store in their address books. Such mapping of phone number/address book pairs identifies a person and more than one such pair can identify the same person.

Other objects of the present invention will become apparent in light of the following drawings and detailed description of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a fuller understanding of the nature and object of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a hardware diagram of a basic cellular telephone and computer network system on which the present invention operates;

FIG. 2 is a logical diagram of the architecture of the system of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of the registration function of the local application; and

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of how the local application interacts with the phone.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present application hereby incorporates by reference in their entirety U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/896,820, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,275,365, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/945,849, on which this application is based.

One aspect of the present invention is a system that allows a user to send presence information to contacts in her phone's address book to whom she has granted permission—authorized—to receive her presence information—an authorized contact—and to receive the presence information of those contacts in her phone address book that have granted her permission to receive the presence information—an authorizing contact. Presence information can include several different parameters. The most basic form of presence is an indication as to whether or not the user is able to receive phone calls and/or wants to receive phone calls. Optionally, presence is an indication as to whether or not the user is able to receive text messages and/or wants to receive text messages. Optionally, such indications can also have a more detailed form in which the user specifies with a short message the reason for being or not being able to receive phone calls and/or text messages.

Optionally, presence can include a short message that describes the user's current situation and that can further include a picture or a video that describes the user's current status.

Optionally, presence can be combined with the physical location of the phone with an arbitrary geographical resolution ranging from the building the user is currently in, through the city the user is in, through the country or continent the user is in. Similarly, presence can include the time zone that the phone is in. The physical location of the phone can be determined in several ways, as described below.

A basic hardware system 10 on which the present invention operates is shown in FIG. 1. The service for each phone 12 is provided by a wireless phone service provider 14, which provides a wireless telephone network and access to a global computer network 20, the Internet, as at 16. It does so via a network of antennas 18 and its associated infrastructure. Internet service providers 22 provide access to the Internet 20 for desktop and laptop computers 24. Computers 26 may also access the Internet 20 through a cellular phone service provider.

The system can be structured using a client-server (CS) architecture or a peer-to-peer (PP) architecture. With either architecture, the main element of the system of the present invention is an application running on the phone, referred to as the local application. The local application can be an element of the phone's operating system, pre-installed, or downloadable by the user. Phones running the local application act as clients or peers in the system, depending on the system architecture, and are referred to hereinafter as clients. Entries in a client's address book that are also clients are referred to hereinafter as contacts.

A basic logical system 30 of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2. The system 30 consists of one or more central servers 32. The central server 32 is responsible for handling registration of clients 34 a, 34 b, 34 c, 34 d (collectively, 34). It also stores system membership information and the history of each client. History information can include when the client was last seen and changed her status. In the CS architecture, the central server 32 as also responsible for handling the connections for clients 34 a, 34 b, 34 c, 34 d and distributing the actual presence information among clients 34. In the PP architecture, clients 34 are able to exchange presence with each other without the assistance of the central server 32.

The present invention contemplates that a client 34 can be any device that has access to an address book and display, and is capable of operatively connecting to the central server 32. The address book can be either local, that is, resident on the device, or can be remote, that is, resident on a server accessible via the Internet. An example of a local address book is Microsoft Outlook and an example of a remote address book is Google Contacts. Each phone client 34 a, 34 b, 34 c is operatively connected to the central server 32 through its phone service provider and the Internet, as at 36. A desktop client 34 d can be operatively connected to the central server 32 through the Internet, as at 38. Clients 34 may also be operatively connected to third party message service providers 40 through its phone service provider and the Internet, as at 42, and the third party message service providers 40 are operatively connected to the central server 32 through the Internet, as at 44. The phone service providers and message service providers 40 are responsible for validating clients' phone numbers during the registration process, as described below. Once the registration process is complete, clients 34 in the CS architecture send their own presence information to the central server 32 and/or retrieve presence information of authorizing contacts from the central server 32. In the PP architecture, clients 34 send their own presence information to authorized contacts and/or retrieve presence information of authorizing contacts.

The system identifies clients by their phone numbers. Optionally, for security reasons, the system uses and stores a one-way cryptographic hash of each phone number instead of the phone number itself, so that phone numbers are not stored in an easily readable form.

The system can create a map of all of the links between clients, where a link is a logical connection between two clients that allows access by one client to the presence of the other client. Whether a link is actually created between two clients depends on whether the first client wishes to share her presence with the second client. For example, if a client Alice authorizes a client contact Bob in her address book to access her presence information, the system creates and stores a unidirectional link between the phone numbers of Alice and Bob. In order to make the link bidirectional, Bob must have Alice in his address book and authorize her to access his presence information. The map of linked clients represents a network that describes the connections between clients. By providing presence to others, clients can interact with each other in a social networking way.

The map of linked clients is stored as a data base in the central server or distributed among the clients, depending on the system architecture, as described above. The structure of the data base is not an aspect of the present invention and any type of structure that is adequate to the task can be used.

As described above, a link is only created if a user authorizes a contact. In one configuration, the user initially authorizes all or a defined group of contacts in her address book and links are created to those contacts. The user can then revoke authorization on a per contact or per group basis after the links are created. If the authorization for a contact is revoked, the system removes that particular link from the map and the contact in no longer authorized. For example, if Alice's address book includes Bob and Carl, those two links will initially be created. If Alice subsequently revokes authorization for Bob, the link to Bob will be removed while the link to Carl will remain.

In another configuration, the user decides whom to authorize prior to the initial links being created. For example, if Alice's address book includes Bob and Carl but only Carl is authorized, only a link to Carl will be created. If Alice subsequently authorizes Bob, a link to Bob will then be created.

The system permits a user to authorize any contact in her address book. If the user is in the contact's address book and the contact is a client, access is granted immediately. If the contact is not a client or the user is not in the contact's address book, the authorized contact may not know of the authorization. Once the user is added to the contact's address book and the contact becomes a client, the contact is notified of the authorization status. For example, if client Bob is in client Alice's address book but Alice is not in Bob's address book, Alice can authorize Bob, but Bob will not be able to access Alice's presence. Once Bob enters Alice into his address book, he can access Alice's presence. Both Alice and Bob can give and withdraw authorization for contacts in their own address book to access their presence respectively. With this approach, the system provides users with full control over whom they share their presence with at any point in time.

Optionally, the system utilizes a security model that allows authorization only between clients that are verified to know each other. A user can only authorize a contact and be authorized by a contact if she is in that contact's address book. If Alice is in Bob's address book, then Alice can authorize Bob to access her presence information. However, Alice cannot access Bob's presence unless Bob also authorizes Alice.

On another aspect of the present invention, the method of authorizing and being authorized is applied more generally to the friending process of social networks. As described above, the friending process, as it is currently implemented, requires an invitation from a member inviter to an invitee and a positive reply from the invitee to the inviter. If the invitee is not a member of the social network, he must join in order to be friended.

In the present invention, the friending process is unilateral. A member of the social network merely informs the social network's central server which contacts in her address book she wishes to friend. There is no requirement that the contact agree to the friending or even acknowledge it. However, another embodiment of the present invention is capable of working in a bilateral manner, just like how regular social networking websites operate. In this embodiment, the acceptance and acknowledgement process of a friend request sets up a bilateral link. This requires both parties to be present in each other's address books. Alternatively, if only the friender has the contact information of the friendee, a message can be sent within the application to the friendee with the contact details of the friender, and a choice can be given to accept or decline the bilateral relationship.

Friending a contact gives that contact access to the member's social network. What that access entails depends in the design and purpose of the social network itself. It can mean that members can store personal information and share it with other members. It can mean the friended contact can access the member's personal information made public by the member. It can mean that the friended contact can communicate via a dedicated system. It can mean that the friended contact has access to current updates of the member, such as the presence information as described above.

The system can create a map of all of the links between members of a social network. Whether a link is actually created between two members depends on whether or the first member wishes to friend the second member and allows the second member access to the first member through the social network. For example, if member Alice friends member contact Bob in her address book, the system creates and stores a unidirectional link between the unique member identifiers (member IDs) of Alice and Bob and Bob has access to Alice through the social network. In order to make the link bidirectional, Bob must have Alice in his address book and friend her. The map of linked members describes the connections between the members of a social network.

The system permits a member to friend any contact in her address book. If the friending member is in the contact's address book and the contact is a member, the contact is immediately given access to the friending member via the social network. If the contact is not a member or the friending member is not in the contact's address book, the friended contact may not know that he has been friended, but the action of friending the contact is saved in a data base. When a user registers as a member, the data base is searched to determine if that new member has been friended by any other members. If so and if the friending member is in or added to the contact's address book, the friended contact is notified of being friended and is given access to the friending member via the social network. For example, if member Bob is in member Alice's address book but Alice is not in Bob's address book, Alice can friend Bob, but Bob will not know it and will not have access to Alice via the social network. Once Bob enters Alice into his address book, he is notified that he has been friended by Alice and has access to Alice via the social network. In another example, if members Alice and Bob are in each others' address book and Alice is a member but Bob is not, Alice can friend Bob, but Bob will not know it and will not have access to Alice via the social network. Once Bob becomes a member and it is determined from the data base that he has been friended by Alice, he is notified of the friending and is given access to Alice via the social network.

Both Alice and Bob can friend and unfriend other contacts to permit access through the social network. With this approach, the system provides members with full control over whom they give access to through the social network at any point in time.

Optionally, the system utilizes a security model that allows friending only between members that are verified to know each other. A member can only friend a contact and be friended by a contact if the member is in the contact's address book. For example, Alice can only friend Bob if Bob is in Alice's address book, Alice is in Bob's address book, and both are members.

Upon registering with the social network, as described below, in one configuration, the system automatically friends a predetermined subset of the contacts in her address book and links are created to those contacts. The term, subset, is intended to include all, less than all, or a specific group of contacts in the address book. A field or flag in the contact entry can denote the subset of those that the user wants to initially friend. The member can then unfriend on a per-contact or per-group basis after the links are created. If a contact is unfriended, the system removes that particular link from the map. For example, if Alice's address book includes Bob and Carl, those two links will initially be created upon Alice registering with the social network. If Alice subsequently unfriends Bob, the link to Bob will be removed while the link to Carl will remain.

In another configuration, upon registering with the social network, the member decides whom to friend prior to any links being created. For example, if Alice's address book includes Bob and Carl but Alice only wishes to friend Carl, only a link to Carl will initially be created. If Alice subsequently friends Bob, a link to Bob will then be created.

Preferably, in the presence context, a user registers with the system to become a client. There are currently two methods of registration contemplated, however, any method that is adequate for the present invention can be used. In one method of registration, the user either runs or downloads and runs the local application. Through the local application, the user registers her email address with an encrypted password to create a client account, as at 72 in FIG. 3. If the local application is capable of determining the phone's phone number, as at 74, it will ask the user to verify the number, as at 76. If the user verifies the number, the local application sends it to the central server, as at 78. If the local application is not capable of determining the device's phone number or the user does not verify the phone number, the local application asks the user to send a text message to the central server with the phone number, as at 80. Once the central server receives the phone number, enabling the phone as a client completes registration, as at 82.

In another method of registration, the user can register using a Web interface, such as a Web browser. The user creates the client account with an email address and an encrypted password. The user can then register phone numbers.

In another method of registration, the local application can present the user a unique identification number and initiate a phone call to an automated call center that asks the user to enter the unique identification number via the keypad of the device.

In another method of registration, the system identifies a user by a pair of data items. The pair consists of the user's phone number and a unique hash value calculated from the contacts data stored in the user's address book. Even though the phone number associated with a specific user and/or the contact data stored in an address book can change, the possibility of two people having the same phone number and the same address book is vanishingly small. This condition makes it possible to unambiguously identify people based on the combination of their phone numbers and their address books. Upon registering with the system, the user registers her phone number and a hash value that has been calculated from the contacts data stored in her address book. The local application stores a copy of the address book and calculates the hash value that resembles the current state of the address book, as described below. This hash value is stored on the server with the phone number and is updated by the local application every time there is a change to the data stored in the address book. The local application periodically compares the data in the address book and the data of the copy of the address book to determine a percentage value by which the two differ. A difference greater than a preset threshold in percentage (e.g., more than 50%) is an indication that the phone number no longer belongs to the client, but has been assigned to someone else. In such case, the system denotes that the client associated with that phone number as invalid. When the now-invalid client indicates that her phone number has changed, the system updates the invalid client with the new phone number and denotes it as valid again.

As mentioned above, data stored in the address book can be used to calculate a hash value that serves as a form of identification for the owner of the address book. The address book hash value is calculated by concatenating the descriptive hash values of each contact stored in the address book and calculating a cryptographic hash of the resulting string. The hash value for a contact is calculated as follows: (1) Normalize all of the phone number of the contact, as described below, and sum the digits of all the normalized phone numbers. (2) Sum the integer values representing the UTF-8 characters of the first name of the contact. (3) Sum the integer values representing the UTF-8 characters of the last name of the contact. (4) Sum the integer values representing the UTF-8 characters of the email address(s) of the contact. (5) Sum the integer values representing the UTF-8 characters of the organization(s) of the contact. (6) Finally, sum the integers calculated in the previous steps (1) through (5) and assign the resulting integer to the contact as a descriptive hash value. The input data used to calculate the sums in steps (1) through (6) can be empty, in which case the corresponding sum is zero. If all the sums calculated in steps (1) through (6) are zero, the contact is considered to be empty and the hash value of such a contact is also zero.

To be able to calculate hash values for the contacts and to be able to match people based on their phone numbers stored in each other's address books, phone numbers have to be normalized to an international standardized format. Phone numbers are normalized with the following algorithm. (1) Determine the international country code of the device based on the devices home carrier network information. (2) Remove any spaces, dashes, brackets or extension numbers, including the character used to designate the beginning of the extension, from the phone number. (3) If the length of the phone number after step (2) is not between 4 and 15 digits, the phone number is considered to be an invalid international number. (4) If the phone number begins with +, 00, or 001, drop the prefix and go to step (8). (5) If the phone number begins with the international country code determined in step (1) and the rest of the phone number has enough digits for what is typical in that country, go to step (8). (6) If the phone number does not begin with the international country code determined in step (1) but has enough digits for what is typical in that country, prefix the phone number with the country code determined in step (1) and go to step (8). (7) Check if the phone number is of not enough length that is typical for that given country. In this case the phone number is considered internationally invalid. (8) Resolve any letters of the English alphabet found in the phone number to the appropriate number.

The aspect of monitoring changes in address books also enables the system to determine correlations between the degrees of changes in the address books. These correlations can trigger recommendations for the users' friends.

Upon registration, the client's phone number acts as a unique username that can be replaced with a specific character combination, such as the phone number encrypted, to increase the security of the system. The current embodiment can provide a registration scheme that uses the phone number of the device and a unique hash calculated from the contact database of the device to identify a user, as described above. This approach is much easier to get started with from a user's perspective compared to the email-address-based approach. However, the email-address-based approach gives more control to the user and allows multiple devices to be used by one person.

In the social networking context, a user registers with a central server to become a member of the social network. The manner of registration and the information needed to register depend on the needs of the particular social network. The registering user needs to provide one or more unique identifiers required by the system, such as a phone number, email address and/or address book hash value, so the member can be uniquely identified within the social network. The unique identifier supplied during registration is the member ID. Optionally, the registering user provides a different and unique value as a member ID that the central server ties to the unique identifier(s). The unique identifier(s) is necessary because the present invention uses the member's address book to create links to contacts in the address book and it is presumed that each contact has at least some form of unique identifier(s). When the contact registers with the central server as a new member of the social network, the central server looks at the data base to see if that new member's unique identifier(s) has already been friended by any older members. If so, the appropriate links are created and the new member is notified.

Registering with the social network system enables access to the device by the central server via a local or remote application. A local application runs locally on the device whereas a remote application runs on a server, such as the central server, that can access the device via the device's connection to the Internet. At a minimum, the application interacts with the member's address book to retrieve the unique identifier for a contact that the member wishes to friend.

The local application 50 for the presence context, a diagram of which is shown in FIG. 4, provides the following functions for the client: (1) interacting with the contacts 52 in the phone's address book and presenting them on the phone's display 64; (2) managing the authorization of contacts to access the client's presence 54; (3) updating and announcing the client's presence manually and/or, optionally, semi-automatically and/or automatically 56 via the phone's external interface 60; and (4) receiving and displaying the presence of contacts 58 via the external interface 60.

The graphical user interface (GUI) 62 of the local application displays an enhanced version of the phone's address book. At a minimum, the enhancement consists of a visual indicator of a contact's presence. Such an indication can be by an icon or a color. The user can check the status of each contact, available or not available, by looking at the visual indicator associated with the contact. If the contact is available, it means that the contact is able to and is willing to receive phone calls and/or text messages. If the contact is unavailable, it means that the contact will most likely not answer a call and/or response to the text message. Optionally, a third status of unknown indicates that the system has no currently presence information for the contact.

If a contact has not authorized the client to access his presence, the present invention contemplates that the indicator may show the contact as unavailable, that there may be no indicator at all, or that there may be a special indicator. Optionally, the enhanced address book display includes any other desired presence information associated with a given contact, such as text (e.g., the status message), audio (e.g., a sound effect or audio message), video (e.g., status video), or location data.

A contact menu option or softkey enables the user to authorize or deauthorize a contact. When a contact is authorized or deauthorized, that change in status is communicated to the affected contact via the phone's external interface. In the CS architecture, the local application notifies the central server of the status change, which then notifies the affected contact. In the PP architecture, the client notifies the affected contact of the status change directly.

Whenever any presence information is changed either manually, semi-automatically, or automatically, the present invention contemplates several possibilities for distributing that change to its authorized contacts. In the CS architecture, the local application sends the client's presence to the central server via the external interface. Once the presence information in the central server is updated, how the authorized clients receive the updated presence depends on whether the present invention uses a push model or a pull model. In the push model, the central server forwards the updated presence information to each of the authorized contacts. In the pull model, each client periodically queries the central server for updates in the presence of any of its authorizing contacts. In the PP architecture using a push model, the local application sends the updated client's presence to each authorized contact. In the PP architecture using a pull model, a client periodically queries each of its authorizing contacts for changes in presence.

As described above, the local application can update the client's presence manually and/or, optionally, semi-automatically and/or automatically. A user can set her presence information manually via the GUI. After presence is set manually, the new setting is available. In the CS architecture, the new presence is sent to the central server. In the PP architecture, the new presence is either sent or available to authorized contacts depending on whether the system is employing a push or pull model.

Typically presence is associated with a single phone, that it, when the local application updates the client's presence, it is meant to indicate the new presence of the user of the phone that the local application is running on. The present invention contemplates that presence of a single phone can be associated with other phones. For example, if the user has both a personal phone and a work phone, the two phones can be associated through their phone numbers so that if the presence of one is updated, the presence of the other is also updated. The association can be bidirectional, that is, a presence update to either one will also update the presence of the associated phone. For example, one phone can be set to update presence automatically and the other manually. The presence of both phones will be updated automatically through the phone set to automatic, and if the presence of the manual phone is updated manually, the presence of both will be updated. Since there is a potential for conflict, the phone that the user wishes to have priority can be set.

For other than manual presence changes, the local application checks for a change of presence periodically at preset intervals. The interval is typically on the order of five minutes, but can be changed manually or dynamically adjusted based on the load of on the system.

Changing presence semi-automatically involves synchronizing the local application with the phone's internal calendar, external calendars, or web-based calendars. With this method, the start and end dates and times of scheduled meetings, appointments, and the like cause the local application to set presence. This method also supports the manual override of presence.

Optionally, updating presence semi-automatically can include changing presence based on the phone's ringing profile. For example, if a user changes her ring profile to silent or vibrate only, the system can be set to automatically change her presence to unavailable.

Many phones can provide location data that phone applications can use for location-based services. For example, a phone may be equipped with a positioning system (e.g., GPS). Moreover, phones can usually communicate via several different wired and wireless technologies (e.g., cellular, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, mobile internet, and USB). A cellular phone can estimate its location using cellular network data. A Wi-Fi-capable phone can determine its location using wireless signal data. In the event a phone itself does not provide location data, active network signals can be used to determine the location of the device. The client can manually associate a wireless network or USB connection with a specific location (e.g., home, office, etc.) or activity (e.g., driving). Some phones combine these technologies to provide enhanced location data. Alternatively, the client might manually enter her specific location.

The local application can utilize different built-in sensors of the phone to change presence automatically in conjunction with location data. The phone's microphone, motion-based sensors, light sensors, and other sensors can be utilized in combination to trigger a change of presence automatically, as described below. Also, the identifier of an active wireless network hot-spot or a Bluetooth system can trigger a presence change automatically. This method also supports manual override of presence.

The system stores previously collected or learned patterns of common activities involving motion, frequency of alternating motion changes, changes in light conditions, the frequency of changes in light conditions, changes in ambient sound, the frequency of changes in ambient sound, and any combination. The system can use generic patterns and/or can learn user-specific patterns during a training period.

The system does active pattern matching and tries to match the sampled data from sensor(s) collected over a period of time with the predefined patterns. Each predefined pattern is associated with a specific status in the system. If the system is able to match the sampled sensor data with one of the predefined patterns, it automatically sets the presence information to the specific one associated with the predefined pattern.

The microphone of a phone can be used to sample the ambient noise. The sample can be compared to and matched with common noises such as traffic while walking, a car while sitting inside, public places such as malls, an office, walking with the phone in the pocket, and a household, such as a television turned on. clients' presence can be automatically set based on a match of such sampling.

Motion-based data supplied by a phone can also be sampled. The sample can be compared to and matched with specific human motions such as walking. The client's presence can be automatically set based on a match of such sampling. For example, a client can manually set her status to be offline while sitting in a meeting. After the meeting is over, the client usually walks away from the meeting venue, but she might forget to set her status back to online. By detecting a walking motion paired with a change in the ambient noise, the local application can automatically set the client's presence to online.

Light sensor data supplied by a phone can be used to help set the client's presence automatically. Light sensor data can be matched with the time of day to deduce a client's presence. For example, a dark environment with the ambient noise of a movie can be interpreted as the client being in a movie theater and her presence can automatically be set to do not disturb.

These sampling techniques can also be used in conjunction with each other to further enhance the performance of the system.

The system can also leverage the properties of augmented reality. The location of a client's friends can be determined by extracting location information from the presence of the client's client contacts. The local application can display the live camera image of the phone the local application is running on and indicate if a client contact of the client is in the direction that falls in the angle of view of the camera by utilizing location data supplied by the phone. As an example of usage of this feature, a client could point her phone's camera running the local application into a meeting room while standing outside of the room behind closed doors and determine which colleagues are attending the meeting without actually interrupting the meeting by knocking on the door.

Thus it has been shown and described a system and method for connecting persons in a social network which satisfies the objects set forth above.

Since certain changes may be made in the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the present invention, it is intended that all matter described in the foregoing specification and shown in the accompanying drawings be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for connecting people on a social network, each person having a device with access to a global computer network and an address book with contacts, each contact having at least one unique identifier, the method comprising the steps of: (a) providing a central server that maintains a list of social network members with unique member identifiers; (b) operatively connecting the device to the central server via the global computer network; (c) registering the person with the social network as a member; (d) friending a contact by (1) the central server accepting from the device the at least one unique identifier associated with the contact from the address book; (2) the central server determining if the unique identifier identifies another member; (3) if the unique identifier identifies another member, verifying that the member is in the contact's address book; (4) if the member is in the contact's address book, automatically providing access to the member for the contact; and (5) if the unique identifier does not identify another member, saving the unique identifier, and upon a new member registering, determining if the unique identifier of the new member is saved, and if so, automatically providing access to the member by the new member; and (e) upon the person registering as a member, automatically friending a predetermined subset of the contacts.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the unique identifier is a phone number.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the unique identifier is a phone number combined with a hash value calculated from the contacts in the address book.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein the predetermined subset of the contacts is all of the contacts.
 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising allowing the central server access to the address book, the central server retrieving the at least one unique identifier from contacts in the address book and sending it to the central server.
 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the central server accesses the address book through an application running on the device.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein the central server accesses the address book through an application running on a server operatively connected to the global computer network.
 8. A system for connecting people on a social network, each person having a device with access to a global computer network and an address book with contacts, each contact having at least one unique identifier, the system comprising: (a) a central server that maintains a list of social network members with unique member identifiers; (b) the device being connected to the central server via the global computer network; (c) the central server running an application, the application including instructions for registering the person with the social network as a member; (d) the application including instructions for friending a contact comprising the steps of (1) accepting from the device the at least one unique identifier associated with the contact from the address book; (2) determining if the unique identifier identifies another member; (3) if the unique identifier identifies another member, verifying that the member is in the contact's address book; (4) if the member is in the contact's address book, automatically providing access to the member for the contact; and (5) if the unique identifier does not identify another member, saving the unique identifier, and upon a new member registering, determining if the unique identifier of the new member is saved, and if so, automatically providing access to the member by the new member; and (e) the application including instructions to automatically friend a predetermined subset of the contacts upon the person registering as a member.
 9. The system of claim 8 wherein the unique identifier is a phone number.
 10. The system of claim 8 wherein the unique identifier is a phone number combined with a hash value calculated from the contacts in the address book.
 11. The system of claim 8 wherein the central server has access to the address book to retrieve the at least one unique identifier from contacts in the address book.
 12. The system of claim 11 wherein the central server accesses the address book through an application running on the device.
 13. The system of claim 11 wherein the central server application accesses the address book. 